Strategy processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perceiving the Grecian Urn Essay

Seeing the Grecian Urn Essay Seeing the Grecian Urn Essay Seeing the Grecian Urn In the main verse, we have an individual watching the old Grecian urn, contemplating the urn, attempting to make sense of its portrayal of pictures solidified in time. It is the still unravish'd lady of quietness, the encourage offspring of quiet and moderate time. He likewise portrays the urn as a history specialist, which can recount to a story. While pondering about the figures on the urn, he asks what legend they portray, and where they are from. He takes a gander at an image that appears to show a gathering of men seeking after a gathering of ladies, and miracles what their story could be: What frantic interest? What battle to get away? What funnels and timbrels? What wild happiness? In the subsequent refrain, the speaker takes a gander at another image on the urn, this season of a youngster playing a funnel, lying with his darling under certain trees. The spectator of the urn says, that the flute player's unheard song's are better than mortal tunes, since they are constant after some time. He tells the young that, despite the fact that he can never kiss his sweetheart since he is solidified in time, he ought not lament, since her excellence will never blur. In the third refrain, he takes a gander at the trees encompassing the darlings and feels cheerful that they will never shed their leaves; he is upbeat for the flute player since his tunes will be for ever new and glad that the adoration for the kid and the young lady will have a suffering affection, in contrast to mortal love. All breathing human energy far over, That leaves a heart high-sad and surfeited, A consuming brow, and a drying toungue, descibes that human love will give you a high for just a brief timeframe and afterward leave you A consuming temple, and a drying toungue. In the fourth refrain, he keeps on paying heed to another image of a cow being driven away to be relinquished. He ponders what green special raised area the preist is taking the penance to. The speak er is envisioning the special raised area to be green; the green raised area could imply that it is profoundly enlivened for the penance, or that there are once in a while any penances on it, so it has grown up with vegitation. He begins to think about a town (albeit none is appeared in the image) where the individuals are coming from and concocts a tranquil mountianside town. In completion the discription of his made-up town, he expresses that, And, little town, thy steets for evermore Will quiet be; and

Introducing Geistesblitz Tools - Focus

Introducing Geistesblitz Tools - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007 and the Geistesblitz function is now only available for Apple Watch. For more details, please visit mindmeister.com/apps GEISTESBLITZ, (noun, m.) [gæstes blîts]: literally translated as mind flash, a sudden insight or idea, often brilliant and unexpected. Consisting of the German words Geist (as in Zeitgeist) and Blitz (as in Blitzen, that lightning-fast reindeer of Santa Claus), it is probably best translated into English as brain wave or flash of genius. The Geistesblitz Tools allow you to quickly submit your ideas (or Geistesblitzes) to your default map in MindMeister (remember, you can set your default map in the Properties dialog). The ideas will be inserted in a special branch top left of the root and remain there for you to copy to other maps, or move around in the default map. Geistesblitz tools currently come in two flavours: Dashboard Widget / Sidebar Gadget Set up the widget once with your MindMeister username and password, and fire off new ideas at will! Using the widget is fast and intuitive and besides, we think it looks rather dashing System Requirements: Mac OS X (10.4+) or Windows Vista Quicksearch Extensions Submit your ideas to your MindMeister default map directly from the search field in the top right-hand corner of your web browser. If you use the Remember me function on the MindMeister login form, you wont even have to sign in! System Requirements: Firefox 2.x or Internet Explorer 7 Introducing Geistesblitz Tools - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007 and the Geistesblitz function is now only available for Apple Watch. For more details, please visit mindmeister.com/apps GEISTESBLITZ, (noun, m.) [gæstes blîts]: literally translated as mind flash, a sudden insight or idea, often brilliant and unexpected. Consisting of the German words Geist (as in Zeitgeist) and Blitz (as in Blitzen, that lightning-fast reindeer of Santa Claus), it is probably best translated into English as brain wave or flash of genius. The Geistesblitz Tools allow you to quickly submit your ideas (or Geistesblitzes) to your default map in MindMeister (remember, you can set your default map in the Properties dialog). The ideas will be inserted in a special branch top left of the root and remain there for you to copy to other maps, or move around in the default map. Geistesblitz tools currently come in two flavours: Dashboard Widget / Sidebar Gadget Set up the widget once with your MindMeister username and password, and fire off new ideas at will! Using the widget is fast and intuitive and besides, we think it looks rather dashing System Requirements: Mac OS X (10.4+) or Windows Vista Quicksearch Extensions Submit your ideas to your MindMeister default map directly from the search field in the top right-hand corner of your web browser. If you use the Remember me function on the MindMeister login form, you wont even have to sign in! System Requirements: Firefox 2.x or Internet Explorer 7

Odysseus- Everett Comparison - 730 Words

The poem â€Å"The Odyssey† details the story of a man named Odysseus who went through many trials and tribulations while trying to get home to his family. In the past, many stories, movies, and other works of literature have based its plot around the story: â€Å"The Odyssey†. However, there is one movie that stands out as unique and its title is â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†. The producers, Joel and Ethan Coen, did a wonderful job in making actor Ulysses Everett McGill represent Odysseus. Everett from â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† and Odysseus from Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† are very similar in many ways, but contrast in multiple qualities and characteristics as well. In â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†, the main character, Everett is on a voyage trying to†¦show more content†¦Analyzing the two examples, one can see that Odysseus and Everett were willing to perform courageous acts to protect the people whom they love. Even though there are many similarities between Everett and Odysseus, there is a major difference between the two; their view on faith. In â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† Tommy informs the â€Å"Chain Gang† that he sold his soul to the devil to learn how to play guitarShow MoreRelatedOdyssey Compare/Contrast820 Words   |  4 PagesComparison and Contrast: Penelope vs. Penny Though Penny Wharvey McGill is portrayed as a â€Å"Southern 1930’s† version of Penelope, this heroine has many contrasting characteristics compared to the wife of Odysseus from Ancient Greece. In the Odyssey, Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was gone at sea for 20 years, and Penny couldn’t even stay faithful to Ulysses Everett McGill, who was only in jail for 2 years. Many pieces of evidence show the lack of allegiance Penny had to Everett. WhenRead MoreThe s Epic The Odyssey And The Movie O Brother, Where Art Thou?848 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore taking this class, but until now I had no idea that it was largely based on The Odyssey, by Homer. When I reviewed the movie I realized that it is almost a parallel to The Odyssey. To summarize the film O’ Brother, Where Art Thou?, Ulysseus Everett McGill, played by George Clooney, is doing time in Mississippi. He ends up scamming his way off the chain gang accompanied by Delmar, played by Tim Blake Nelson, and Pete, played by john Turturro. The trio sets out to pursue freedom and fortune inRead MoreComparing The Odyssey And O Brother Where Art Thou1279 Words   |  6 Pagestroubles of a man during the de pression and is molded by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey. â€Å"The Odyssey† is about a Greek warrior and is placed back in the times of mythology. Whereas, â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† is a movie telling of three escaped criminals trying to find a treasure (which ends up being false), and the adventures and struggles they faced along the way. â€Å"The Odyssey† depicted Odysseus’ journey back from the Trojan War, which was the story portrayed in The IlliadRead MoreThe Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou: Two Relevant Pieces?1872 Words   |  8 Pagesmain character Odysseus departs for the war and leaves his wife and child behind. Ten years after the war, Odysseus retraces his steps back home. By that time, his son Telemachus is twenty and living with his mother Penelope in Ithaca. His mother has to deal with the suitors, who are boisterous and set in their ways that she should agree to marriage. Athena, the goddess of wisdom, pilots his way for his voyage back home and persuades his son to start searching for him. Odysseus embarks on manyRead MoreComparison of the Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou?1082 Words   |  5 PagesThou? created by the comedic team of Ethan and Joel Coen, simply does not capture the perplexing classic story. O Brother, Where Art Thou? Is the big screen remake of Homers epic poem, The Odyssey. This original story is about the adventure of Odysseus as he escapes his seven year imprisonment from the goddess Calypso. This Epic hero battles numerous monsters on his desperate attempt to return home to his wife Penelope, whom he meets again in a heartfelt reuniting. However, in the re-make filmRead MoreCoen And Hosseinis O Brother, Where Art Thou And The Kite Runner1500 Words   |  6 Pageshis life, much like the â€Å"unaffiliated† Everett. Both protagonists turn to religion in their time of need, with Amir praying for both Baba’s and Sohrab’s life, and Everett praying to â€Å"see [his] daughters again.† Hosseini’ s spatial metaphor, when Amir claims that God lives â€Å"in the eyes of the people in this corridor of desperation,† demonstrates the reality that hopelessness is a catalyst for seeking comfort in a higher power. While Amir accepts God, Everett admits that â€Å"any human being,† including

Organic Futures The Case Of Organic Farming - 1213 Words

With third world countries barely beginning modern day agriculture practices, they are looking for an easy, effective, sustainable, method to produce food for themselves and their families. Adrian Myers the author of Organic Futures: the Case of Organic Farming writes: â€Å"†¦with the recent growth of organic and sustainable agriculture in Third World countries, are extremely hopeful signs. The thought, therefore, of writing about the worst aspects of conventional farming was daunting† (Myers 87). These third world countries already have contaminate drinking water which prevents them from getting certain nutrients. Therefore, these people need some kind of nourishment that they cannot get from water. These people need pesticides to protect†¦show more content†¦Many people in our society have a misconception based on social media and the news, that GMO’s are unhealthy for us and they influence nature in ways that are unhealthy. GMO’s do mess with na ture. Genetically modified organisms is what the acronym stands for, so in a way they do mess with nature. But these modifications are changes such as being able to withstand extremely cold weather conditions or to be resistant of certain harmful diseases. People in our society really only know GMO’s for the news articles where they discuss parents deciding the eye color of their children. A misconception of GMO’s is what is prevent people from eating foods with the label â€Å"may contain GMO’s†. But GMO’s is not a new process. We have been cross breeding plants by planting certain seeds in the same bed. Cross breeding in this example is just the very basic process of GMO’s. GMO’s have not become more dangerous they have just become more technologically inclined. Adrian Myers once again, writes about what GMO’s are according to accounts of people who have dealt with GMO’s on the front lines; â€Å"what they are doing i s not new; it is just a further extension of two processes that humans have been using since time immemorial: cross-breeding closely related plants, or gaminess and selective breeding†(Myers 109). Selective breeding is something that people have also created a lotShow MoreRelatedOrganic Farming Case Study1115 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy exhibited positive outcomes, while 32.3 percent exhibited neutral or positive outcomes. The positive outcomes in are the results that indicated that organic farming had superior environmental effects, while the negative outcomes implied otherwise. In order to identify the structural variables that impacted to the superiority of the organic farming, the study performed a logistic regression analysis. This regression model provided a good fit, with the Chi-square test statistic being significant,Read MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Organic Foods950 Words   |  4 PagesBenefits of Organic Foods Sales of organic food have risen steadily over the past couple of years, reaching nearly $30 billion in 2011, or 4.2% of all U.S. food and beverage sales, (Adams). Many people believe that organic foods are ultimately the better choice when it comes to health due to the absence of pesticides and hormones. But other people—especially those whose food budgets may be more defined—wonder if organic food is really worth the inflated price tag. Despite the price, Organic foods areRead MoreEssay on The Controversy of Organic vs. Nonorganic Food Production1115 Words   |  5 Pagesalso contain a substantial amount of unwanted fats and chemicals. The growing of organic versus nonorganic food has been a controversial issue for a long time among organic and nonorganic farmers and their customers. This is due to the myriad definitions of healthy eating and the stated benefits on both sides. Organic foods prove to be more beneficial than detrimental nonorganic foods for the following reasons: 1) organic foods are not sprayed with pesticides like the majority of America’s food supply;Read MoreWhat Are We Really Eating?1143 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidering only eating organic foods because not only is it healthier, but it is safer. In this term paper I am going to examine a few aspects of organic food. First I will examine what is organic food and what makes it organic? How does the prices of organic food compare to inorganic foods? And why we should eat organic foods rather than inorganic foods? I just want to be as healthy as I possibly can and I feel that organic food is the best food that we can eat. Organic Food is the agriculturalRead MoreSmall Vs. Large Organic Farming1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe general public sees any type of organic food as being produced â€Å"straight out of a backyard garden† or â€Å"right off of the family farm†. But is it really freshly picked tomatoes right out of Grandma Mae’s garden or chicken breast from a local farm? If the food purchased is from Whole Foods or the organic section at Walmart, then that probably is not the case. Large organic farms are what usually supply Whole Foods and other larger chain stores that have organics. They are not what people initiallyRead MoreA Research On Animal Farm1632 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm The term: Organic deduces via natural resource - there s only so much organic matter, because organic matter is determined what has decayed and at what amount for centuries. As our populace grows, the right kind of organic matter diminishes, there lies the problem. Here s the unsavoury verity. - - - One of my bones of contention is that the consumer reads the organic term so frequently that marketing has inadvertently diluted the organic term s validity. For a starterRead MoreOrganic Agriculture, As Defined By The National Organic Standards Board1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic Agriculture, as defined by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB): â€Å"Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony.† Which is very fancily put for agriculture with as little man made input as possible trying to farm, as they perceive at least, the most beneficial to theRead MoreEssay on Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture1357 Words   |  6 PagesOrganic vs. Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture, to many is just an industry of farmers and cows. Most people can’t even come close to fathom just how essential the continuance of agriculture is to not just our well being, but our very lives. People of the United States have been spoiled, they’ve never had to worry about the grocery stores running empty because, even to this day, there hasn’t been a problem growing enough to feed, not only the U.S. but a good part of the world too. The day thoughRead More Organic Foods: America is Making Healthier Food Choices Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern American society were to focus more on consuming organic foods and products, people would be healthier, reducing high medical costs and improving the overall well-being of Americans. The benefits of organic foods should also be introduced to children in schools so they will be given the choice to shape their own eating habits for the future. The use of harsh chemicals in large-scale crop production is a common issue with non-organic crops. Intended to prevent pests and insects from destroyingRead MoreWhole Foods : The World s Largest Natural And Organic Foods1488 Words   |  6 PagesWhole Foods Whole Foods Market is the world’s largest natural and organic foods retailer with 289 locations in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, articulates its business mission through the following motto: Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet. The company has stated core values elaborate on this motto: Levens, Michael (2011-01-11). Marketing: Defined, Explained, Applied (2nd Edition). Whole Foods product definition We will begin with mindset, Whole Foods instead of pursuing

The Non-Proliferation Treaty Its Establishment, Issues Free Essays

string(129) " a fleet of warships manned and operated by general NATO command in broader cooperative efforts but the Soviets opposed to this\." The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Its establishment, Issues, and Current Status On March 21, 1963, President John Kennedy warned in a press conference, â€Å"I see the possibility in the 1970s of the president of the United States having to face a world in which 15 or 20 or 25 nations may have nuclear weapons. I regard that as the greatest possible danger and hazard. † Kennedy made this statement a month after a secret Department of Defense memorandum assessed that eight countries: Canada, China, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and West Germany would likely have the ability to produce nuclear weapons within the next 10 years after 1963. We will write a custom essay sample on The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Its Establishment, Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was further assessed that beyond those 10 years, the future costs of nuclear weapons programs would decrease and provide way for several more states to pursue nuclear weapons, especially if unrestricted testing continued. Fear of the spread of nuclear weapons to vast nation states and superpowers including their military and ideological allies is what urged the creation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Signed on July 1, 1968 and actually implemented on March 5, 1970, the NPT is a result of a compilation of efforts at enforcing international non-proliferation. With President Dwight D. Eisenhower calling for a new international agency to share nuclear materials and information for peaceful purposes with other countries in his â€Å"Atoms for Peace† address to the UN General Assembly on December 1953, the way was made for the Non-Proliferation Treaty to come into existence when the UN established The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on July 29, 1957 as result of negotiations sparked from Eisenhower’s proposal. President Dwight Eisenhower proposed to the UN General Assembly the negotiation of a treaty that would seek to control nuclear activities around the world and prevent, if possible, the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries. However, President Eisenhower’s speech to the UN General Assembly came after the failure of earlier U. S. nonproliferation efforts. When the United States stood as the only true nuclear power in the world at the end of World War II, President Harry Truman proposed to destroy the U. S. uclear arsenal if other countries would agree not to acquire nuclear weapons and would permit inspections to verify that agreement. This proposal was presented as the Baruch Plan in 1946 and implied that the United States turn over control of all its enriched uranium, including that in any nuclear weapons it had, to a new UN body over which the United States and the other permanent members of the Security Council would have a veto. In addition to already seeking it s own nuclear weapons, the Soviets rejected this plan on the grounds that the United Nations was dominated by the United States and its allies in Western Europe. Therefore, the Soviets argued it could not be trusted to exercise authority over atomic weaponry in a fair manner. They proposed that America eliminate its nuclear weapons before considering proposals for a system of controls and inspections. On the other hand, the United States, would not surrender its weapons to the agency until inspectors were on duty in the Soviet Union and in other countries with nuclear potential (Bellany 1985). With the Baruch Plan not going as planned, the U. S. Congress enacted the 1946 Atomic Energy Act which encompassed provisions designed to keep nuclear technology secret from other countries but then was amended to authorize nuclear assistance to others alike the IAEA which was created to provide both assistance and inspectors for peaceful nuclear activities after Eisenhower proposed providing assistance to other countries in the peaceful uses of atomic energy. The United States, followed by the Soviet Union, France, and others began providing research reactors that used weapons-usable highly enriched uranium to non-nuclear-weapon states around the world. These transfers and the training that accompanied the reactors helped scientists in many countries learn about nuclear fission and its potential uses other than in good measure. As these scientists became more versed in the uses of nuclear energy through the resources being provided to them, global support increased for controlling the spread of the new technology in order to prevent its use for weapons. This led to Ireland proposing the first resolution at the United Nations on October 17, 1958 to prohibit the further dissemination of nuclear weapons. On March 21, 1963, the UN General Assembly unanimously approved Resolution 1665, based on the earlier Irish draft resolution, reads that countries already having nuclear weapons would undertake to refrain from relinquishing control of them to others and would refrain from transmitting information for their manufacture to states not possessing them. In addition, countries without nuclear weapons would agree not to receive or manufacture them. These ideas formed the basis of the NPT (Bunn 2008). The United States then took another step toward non-proliferation and submitted a simple draft treaty of the NPT based on the resolution to the Soviet Union when a new eighteen nation Disarmament Conference opened in Geneva in 1962. Adversely, the Soviet response insisted that the treaty prohibit the arrangements between the United States and NATO allies such as West Germany for deployment in their countries of U. S. nuclear weapons under the control of U. S. soldiers. The stated purposes of these weapons were to protect these countries if ever in the event of an attack on them by the Soviet Union and its allies. The U. S. also proposed for implementation of a multilateral force in which would be a fleet of submarines and warships each manned by international NATO crews and armed with multiple nuclear armed Polaris ballistic missiles. The proposal was inspired by the complaints of NATO countries which voiced that the nuclear defense of Europe was beholden to the Americans, who held the bulk of nuclear capability. Instead of an array of different independent forces ultimately acting under their own domestic banners on the waters, the result would be a fleet of warships manned and operated by general NATO command in broader cooperative efforts but the Soviets opposed to this. You read "The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Its Establishment, Issues" in category "Essay examples" Later, a compromise was reached where US eventually gave up on efforts toward the multilateral force and the Soviets gave up on a prohibition against U. S. deployment of nuclear weapons in West Germany and other allied countries under the condition the provided weapons remained under sole control of U. S. personnel (Bellany 1985). On June 12, 1968 The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 2373 which endorsed the draft text of the nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. The vote was 95 to 4 with 21 abstentions. The four no votes were Albania, Cuba, Tanzania, and Zambia. The treaty was signed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and the United States. Article IX of the treaty established that entry into force would require the treaty’s ratification by those three countries and 40 additional states. It was by this time, five nations had developed a nuclear weapons capability: the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China. On February 13, 1960, France conducted its first nuclear test explosion, establishing it as the the world’s fourth nuclear armed state after the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. Then China conducted its first nuclear test explosion on October 16, 1964 placing it as the world’s fifth nuclear armed state and leading to the acceleration of India’s nuclear program ( Bunn 2008). China and France were recognized as nuclear-weapon states under the treaty but did not sign it. China argued the treaty was discriminatory and simply refused to adhere to it. On the other hand, France implied that it would not sign the treaty but would behave in the future in this field exactly as the states adhering to the Treaty. The treaty distinguishes between obligations of two parties such as nuclear-weapon states who are defined as those states parties which exploded a nuclear device prior to January 1, 1967 and non-nuclear weapon states which are all other states. The treaty called prohibition on non-nuclear-weapon states from having nuclear weapons and called for the IAEA to be permitted to carry out inspections to guarantee that their nuclear programs were limited to peaceful uses. In particular, the resolution asked the countries possessing nuclear weapons to refrain from relinquishing control of nuclear weapons and from transmitting information necessary for their manufacture to nations not possessing nuclear weapons. Second, it recommended that states not possessing nuclear weapons, â€Å"undertake not to manufacture or otherwise acquire control of such weapons. † In addition, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States agreed to provide assistance to non-nuclear weapon NPT members in their pursuit of peaceful uses of nuclear energy and agreed to conduct future negotiations to halt the nuclear arms buildup and reduce their nuclear weapons with a goal of achieving nuclear disarmament. Negotiations then raised aiming efforts towards gaining acceptance of these provisions by important non-nuclear weapon governments and their parliaments along for the allowance of the inspections that would be conducted by the IAEA in accordance to the NPT. India was one of these non-nuclear weapon governments of interest but despite much active participation in the NPT negotiation, it refused to join because it wanted to retain the option to produce its own nuclear weapon as its adversary then, China had. Also, Pakistan which was another adversary of India refused to join because India would not. Israel, which the United States had tried to restrain from acquiring nuclear weapons in separate negotiations during the 1960s, also refused to join. China and France didn’t participate much in the NPT negotiations but had acquired nuclear weapons before its negotiation was completed. The NPT draft permitted them to join the treaty with the same rights and duties as the other nuclear-weapon states when they eventually did accede to the treaty in 1992 (Bunn 2008). The practice of inspections for non-nuclear weapon parties weighed as a major concern in the egotiations at the IAEA for several years and many countries including West European allies of the United States did not ratify the treaty until these negotiations were completed to their satisfaction. Till this day, this concern is still a pressing matter at hand. In its establishment, Article X of the NPT called for a conference of its parties to be held 25 years after the treaty’s entry into force in 1970 to determin e whether the treaty would remain in force indefinitely or for other additional periods of time. This conference was held on May 11, 1995 and began with much uncertainty regarding the nature of any extension. Leading up to this, parties of the treaty enacted review conferences every five years to revise the treaty according to the current state of nuclear arms at the time. During the 1995 review conference, non-nuclear weapon states expressed disappointment with the lack of progress toward nuclear disarmament and feared that extending the treaty indefinitely would enable the nuclear-armed states to hold on to their nuclear arsenals and disregard any accountability in eliminating them. In a different light, Indonesia and South Africa proposed efforts to tying the treaty’s indefinite extension to a decision to strengthen the treaty review process such as establishing of a set of principles and objectives on nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament to hold NPT states-parties, particularly the nuclear-weapon states, accountable to their commitments. Indonesia and South Africa’s proposal included completion of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty of 1996 which banned all nuclear explosions in all environments for military or civilian purposes along with negotiations on the cutoff of fissile material production for weapons purposes. The conference also adopted a resolution calling for establishment of a zone free of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East with the goal to win support for the indefinite NPT extension from Arab states which objected to Israel’s status outside the NPT and its assumed possession of nuclear weapons. During the 1955 revision conference of the NPT, the decision was made to extend the NPT indefinitely and with its last revision conference held in 2010, is still on its mission to global non-proliferation (Gunter 2010). The NPT consists of a preamble and eleven articles and is interpreted as a three part pillar system as non-proliferation being the first, disarmament the second, and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology as the third. Currently there are 189 countries as state parties under rovisions of the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. The major issues that the Treaty of Nuclear Non Proliferation is facing are loopholes in NPT withdrawal, non-compliance with state parties, particularly Iran, and in a safeguard system. Also, the future utility of the treaty will be dominated by its ability to attract the major non-parties into membership. Another flaw in the Treaty is that if diversion of fissile material is discovered, then no mechanism for sanctions exists other than tak ing the issue to the UN Security Council. The treaty is silent on how to deal with a situation where a non-nuclear weapon state acquires unsafeguarded weapon material for reasons not permitted under the Treaty (Kaplan 2005). Israel regarded NPT adherence and the IAEA safeguards system as an insufficient guarantee that Iraq would not use nuclear technology it was acquiring to make nuclear weapons and proceed to destroy that technology. This discouraged other Arab states from becoming NPT parties, as this appeared to offer no protection against unilateral Israeli action. With the notion that one state such as Israel could claim the NPT technically meaningless and allowed to act on that belief without sanction, the credibility of the Treaty in the eyes of many non-nuclear weapon states became undermined and brought up for much speculation. The NPT itself is silent on how to assess compliance, how to resolve compliance disputes, and what procedures to follow in the event of non-compliance. Specifically, there is no verification of the obligations in Articles I and II not to transfer or receive nuclear weapons. The treaty contains no language on verification other than to require states to accept nuclear safeguards in Article III. One precedent for handling non-compliance was in the case of North Korea. North Korea announced it would withdraw from the NPT on March 12, 1993 but suspended its withdrawal in June. Ten years later on February 12, 2003, the Board of Governors declared North Korea in non-compliance with its nuclear safeguards obligations, and referred the matter to the Security Council. The Board called upon North Korea to acknowledge its non-compliance, and fully cooperate with the Agency. North Korea stated it would withdraw from the NPT on January 11, 2003, and its official status is still uncertain. The legality of North Korea’s withdrawal is debatable but as of 9 October 2006, North Korea clearly possesses the capability to make a nuclear explosive device. However, other states complain of U. S. noncompliance because the United States continues to conduct research and development new types of nuclear weapons and still has yet to accept much deeper reductions in its nuclear forces. Several additional measures have been adopted to strengthen the NPT with attempts to broader the nuclear nonproliferation regime and make it difficult for states to acquire the capability to produce nuclear weapons, including the export controls of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the enhanced verification measures of the IAEA Additional Protocol. However, critics argue that the NPT cannot stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons or the motivation to acquire them. They express disappointment with the limited progress on nuclear disarmament, where the five authorized nuclear weapons states still have 22,000 warheads in their combined stockpile and have shown a reluctance to disarm further. Several high-ranking officials within the United Nations have said that they can do little to stop states using nuclear reactors to produce nuclear weapons (Kaplan 2005). An issue that will require new and better strategic thinking is how best to proceed with efforts to make the Middle East a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – free zone. This was a controversial issue on the table during the most recent 2010 NPT Review Conference. The final document produced from the conference addressing the matter calls on all states in the region to participate in a conference in 2012 based on the terms of the 1995 resolution. The United States announced after the conference that it, Russia, and the United Kingdom, along with the UN secretary-general, will co-sponsor the meeting, determine a country to host it, and identify a person to organize it. The issue with this is that Egypt and other states may want to use a conference in part to criticize Israel’s nuclear weapons program. Also, the language of the document calls on all states in the Middle East to participate which includes a number of states that do not recognize Israel and in the past have not been willing to sit with Israeli officials in formal settings. To name a few, Iran, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria are some of these states. Therefore, such a conference would pose challenges to Israel. Iran and major Arab states would all have to reach the same satisfying terms and recognize Israeli de facto. If the conference is viewed strategically and handled carefully, it could advance the cause of peace and security in the region. In summation, President Barack Obama in Prague called for the â€Å"peace and security of a world free of nuclear weapons† on April 2, 2009. A Year later on April 8, 2010, President Obama returned to Prague a year later with President Dmitri Medvedev of Russia to sign a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty that committed both countries to reduce their deployed strategic nuclear warheads and delivery systems in accordance with agreed principles of verification. President Obama also convened a special session of the UN Security Council on September 24, 2009, which adopted Resolution 1887, which focuses on nuclear security and nonproliferation and seeking ways to enhance its means. Though the NPT has its weaknesses, it still has managed to link many countries together and has dodged the predicted amount â€Å"15 or 20 or 25 nations may have nuclear weapons† that President Kennedy warned in his press conference in 1963. Today, we have nine counting North Korea but not Iran outside of the treaty. As we progress down the road to expanding non-proliferation, it is important for policy makers to keep in mind that for most states the demand for nuclear weapons is likely to derive from security considerations, and security consideration under conditions of uncertainty, especially if the states have lacking faith in the Treaty’s ability to make effective use of the safeguard system as we approach the 2015 NPT Review Conference. How to cite The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Its Establishment, Issues, Essay examples

Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Essay Example

Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. Paper Reflection Paper about the speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D. C. I Have a Dream is extremely emotional, a hopeful vision of the future of race in this country. King recognized that the March, with an attending crowd of over 200,000 as well as a national television audience, would be the perfect opportunity to gain support for the civil rights movement. He intended to persuade his audience of the justice of the cause, encourage them to not abandon hope, and warn them that in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of illegal deeds, declaring his belief that nothing positive is accomplished through violence King. He designed his speech with those goals in mind. Kings understanding of the size and composition of his audience determined the rhetorical choices he made while composing his speech. It is important to understand that while hoping to influence the attitudes of an entire nation, King was primarily addressing a black audience. He spoke of generations of injustice, and referring to the recent increase in violence, stressed the importance of remaining non-violent. He warned against an attitude of distrust toward our white brothers who have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom as evidenced by their presence here today. He is obviously speaking directly to black Americans. Because of this focus, King made rhetorical choices he knew would be familiar to a black audience with a shared cultural background. Those choices have proven powerful to people of all races, but they were selected with a black American audience in mind. The reasons for Kings rhetorical choices are frequently attributed to their special impact on black Americans, but it should be worried that the effectiveness of these choices crossed all racial boundaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper About the Speech of Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer King knew an emotional speech would have greater impact upon a large, outdoor crowd. He presented a beautiful and compelling vision of equality that inspired the crowd, expanded his national audience and ensured their attention to future messages. He wanted to reach the masses and did so. To inspire the crowd, to instill his speech with an emotional and spiritual quality, King utilized the delivery style of the black folk pulpit of which he was master. King, a master stylist, used a variety of rhetorical techniques in his speech. I Have a Dream needed to touch a wide range of people: people from different geographical locations, with different education backgrounds, of different color. King anticipated the importance of the March, knew he had a real opportunity to be heard by millions. He recognized the difficult demographics of the situation. The audience would be enormous and distractions would be inevitable in the wide open outdoor location. He also understood that the patience of black Americans was too sorely tried: black Americans would no longer be pacified with mere promises. And while understanding their frustration, King passionately wanted to convince the crowd to pursue their cause without violence. Because he understood of all of this, King chose not to focus on detail, not to focus on strategy. He appealed to the crowds higher emotions of spirituality and patriotism. God was on their side, their struggle would be rewarded. Currently, â€Å"I Have a Dream† is still considered a deep work studied in both literature and speech classes. â€Å"I Have a Dream† is a masterpiece which describes, with wisdom and compassion, a peoples long struggle for equality.